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''The Chronicle of Higher Education'' is a newspaper and website that presents news, information, and jobs for college and university faculty and Student Affairs professionals (staff members and administrators). A subscription is required to read some articles. ''The Chronicle'', based in Washington, D.C., is a major news service in United States academic affairs. It is published every weekday online and appears weekly in print except for every other week in June, July, and August and the last three weeks in December (a total of 42 issues a year). In print, ''The Chronicle'' is published in two sections: section A with news and job listings, and section B, ''The Chronicle Review,'' a magazine of arts and ideas. It also publishes ''The Chronicle of Philanthropy'', a newspaper for the nonprofit world; ''The Chronicle Guide to Grants'', an electronic database of corporate and foundation grants; and the Web portal Arts & Letters Daily. == History == Corbin Gwaltney was the founder and had been the editor of the alumni magazine of the Johns Hopkins University since 1949. In 1957, he joined in with editors from magazines of several other colleges and universities for an editorial project to investigate issues in higher education in perspective. The meeting occurred on the day the first Sputnik circled the Earth, October 4, 1957, so the "Moonshooter" project was formed as a supplement on higher education for the college magazines. The college magazine editors promised 60 percent of one issue of their magazine to finance the supplement. The first ''Moonshooter Report'' was 32 pages long and titled "American Higher Education, 1958". They sold 1.35 million copies to 15 colleges and universities. By the project's third year, circulation was over 3 million for the supplement.〔Cf. Baldwin, Joyce (2006)〕 In 1959, Gwaltney left Johns Hopkins Magazine to become the first full-time employee of the newly created "Editorial Projects for Education" (EPE, later renamed "Editorial Projects in Education") starting in an office in his apartment in Baltimore and later moving to an office near the Johns Hopkins campus.〔Cf. Baldwin, Patricia L. (1995)〕 He realized that higher education would benefit from a news publication.〔 He and other board members of EPE met to plan a new publication which would be called "The Chronicle of Higher Education".〔 ''The Chronicle of Higher Education'' was officially founded in 1966 by Corbin Gwaltney.〔〔〔 and its first issue was launched in November 1966.〔("Editorial Projects in Education: Mission and History" ), ''Education Week'' website.〕〔Cf. ''AAUP Bulletin'', Vol. 52, No. 3 (September 1966), American Association of University Professors.〕 Although it was meant for those involved in higher education, one of the founding ideas was that the general public had very little knowledge about what was going on in higher education and the real issues involved.〔 Originally, it didn't accept any advertising and didn't have any staff-written editorial opinions. It was supported by grants from the Carnegie Foundation and the Ford Foundation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work= Encyclopædia Britannica )〕 Later on in its history, advertising would be accepted, especially for jobs in higher education, and this would allow the newspaper to be financially independent.〔〔 By the 1970s, Chronicle was attracting enough advertising to become self-sufficient, and in 1978 the board of EPE agreed to sell the newspaper to its editors.〔Viadero, Debra, (Education Week: "A Media Organization With Many Faces" ), ''Education Week'', September 6, 2006〕 EPE sold Chronicle to the editors for $2,000,000 in cash and $500,000 in services that Chronicle would provide to EPE.〔 Chronicle went from a legal non-profit status to a for-profit company. This sale shifted the focus of non-profit EPE to K-12 education. Inspired by the model established by Chronicle and with the support of the Carnegie Corporation and other philanthropies, EPE founded ''Education Week'' in September 1981.〔〔 In 1993, Chronicle was one of the first newspapers to appear on the Internet, as a Gopher service. It released an iPad version in 2011. ''Chronicle'' grossed $33 million in advertising revenues and $7 million in circulation revenues in 2003.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Chronicle of Higher Education」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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